Commodore Computer Commodore 64 Instrukcja Użytkownika

II 11II IIIIII III 11IIII aII..II!I'" n"IIi"i.,III n:d:j~ commodoreCOMPUTER. IIUn.: VIC-154'1 I[ill [)]11IIgII

Connection of CablesYour first step is to take the power cable and insert it into the back of thedisk drive (see figure 2.2). It won't go in if y

First, make sure that you've removed all diskettes from the disk drivesbefore powering on.After all the other deviceshave been turned on, only th

computers. However, each computer has different requirements for speed ofincoming data. Therefore, there is a software seitch for selecting whichcompu

name must be used to tell the disk drive what to do. In addition, the disk drive'sdevice number must be specified. If no device number is listed,

The Block Availability Map is simply a checklist of all 683 blocks on thedisk. It is stored in the middle of the diskette, halfway between the center

LOAD "T" will find the first program on the tape beginning with the letter T.And LOAD "HELLO" will find the first program beginnin

See the LOAD ~ommal1d (pagesparameters device# and command#.&) for an explanation of the____When you tell the disk drive to SAVE a program, the DO

DOS Support ProgramOn your demonstrationdisk, there may be a program called DOSSUPPORT.This program, also called a wedge,allowsyou to use many diskcom

The device# of the disk is usually 8.The channel# can be any number from 2 to 15. These refer to a channelused to communicate with the disk, and chann

That way, if you carelessly replace diskettes while writing data, the drive willknow by checking the ID that something is wrong.COpyThis command allow

VIC-1541SINGLE DRIVE FLOPPY DISKUSER'S MANUALP/N 1540031-02~ commodoreCOMPUTER

SCRATCHThis command allows you to erase unwanted files and programs from thedisk, which then makes the blocks availablefor new information. You can er

FORMAT FOR VALIDATE COMMAND:PRINT# 15, "VALIDATE"or abbreviated asPRINT# 15, "V"DUPLICATEThis command is a hangover from the opera

before CLOSEingyour data channels. The error channel should be OPENed iustand CLOSEd last of all your files! That will keep your programs out of troub

EXAMPLES OF OPENING SEQUENTIAL FILES:If the me alreadyexists,you can use the replaceoption in the OPENstatement, similarto the SAVE-and-replacedescrib

statement PRINT# 5, A$; B$; C$:charCR stands for the CRR$ code of 13, the carriage return, which is PRINTedat the end of every PRINT or PRINT# stateme

characters if the numbers are positive.Here is a picture of the file after the statement PRlNT# 5, I; 3; 5; 7 isperformed:char ISfIle.Appendix B conta

70 GET# 5, A$80 IF ST< > 0 THENPRINT ST: STOP90 PRINT ASC(A$+CHR$.l0) );100 GOTO 70200 INPUT# 15, A$, B$, C$, 0$210 IF VAL (A$) > 0 THEN PRIN

500 B$=""510 FORL=OTOJj520 GET#I,A$ BUILD A530 IFA$ < > CHR$(96)THENIFA$ < > CHR$(160)THENB$=B$+A$f STRING540 NEXT ~SUBROUTINE55

Table 5.3: DIRECTORY FORMAT*STRUCTURE OF SINGLE DIRECTORY ENTRY25Track18,Sector1for4040Track 39, Sector 1 for 8050BYTEDEFINITION0,1Track and sector of

Table 5.4: SEQUENTIAL FORMATTable 5.5: PROGRAM FILE FORMAT6. RANDOMFILESSequential files are fine when you're just working with a continuousstrea

WARNING: This equipment has been certified to comply with the limits for I!,Class B computing device, pursuant to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules. O

The DOS contains commands for reading and writing directly to any trackand sector on the diskette. There are also commands for checking to see whichbl

SAMPLE PROGRAM TO READ BLOCK 2 FROM TRACK 18: (stores contentsin B$)10 OPEN 15,8,1520 OPEN 5, 8,5,"#" ~30PRINT# 15, "B.R:" 5,0, 18

BLOCK.ALLOCAIEIn order to safely use random files along with regular files,your programsmust check the BAM to find available blocks, and change the BA

that you have no way of keeping track of which blocks on the disk you used.After all, you can't tell one used block on the BAMfrom another. You c

80 INPUT# 5, A$, X90 IF A$ < > "Record Contents #" OR X < > R THEN STOP110 PRINT# 15, "B-F:" 0, T, S "'"

70 PRINT# IS, "B-P:" 5: (L-I)'" 64 \. P~sition to 0, 64, 128, or 19280 PRINT# 5, AS "," L90 NEXT L100T=I: S=I110 PR]NT#

with an important difference: the way USERl and USER2 work with thebuffer-pointer.The BLOCK-READ command reads up to 256 characters, but stopsreading

Creating a Relative FileWhen a relative file is first to be used, the OPEN statement will create thatfile;after that, that samefilewillbe used.The rep

Upon execution,the DOSfirstchecksto seeif the fileexists.If it does,then nothing happens. The only way to erase an old relative file is by using theSC

This is how the record lel1gthis determined. We would probably want toallow an extra character in length for each field, to allow for separations;othe

Table of Contents1.General Description...2.Unpacking and Connecting .Contents of Box . . . .Connection of CablesPoweringOn ...Insertio

This program asks for record numbers when retrieving records. It won't letyou retrieve from beyond the end of the file, and if you try to write b

FORMATFORMEMORY-READ:PRINT# file#, "M-R:" CHR$(low byte of address) CHR$(high byte)(no abbreviation!)The next byte read using the GET# state

FORMAT FOR MEMORY-EXECUTE:PRINT#file#, "M-E:" CHR$(1ow address byte) CHR$(high byte)USER CommandsSeeline 20 above for an example.Aside from

PRlNT# file#, "M-W:" CHR$(119) CHR$(O)CHR$(2) CHR$(address+32)CHR$(address+64)EXAMPLE OF CHANGING DEVICE NUMBER:PRINT# 15, "M-W:"

Appendix A: Disk Command SummaryCOMMANDGeneral Format: PRINT# file#, commandCOMMAND FORMATNEWCOpyNAMESCRATCHINITIALIZEVALIDA TEDUPLICATEBLOCK-READBLOC

Appendix B: Summaryof CBMFloppy ErrorMessagesoI2-19202122232425262728293031323334395051526061626364656667707172737442OK, no error exists.Files scratch

DESCRIPTIONOF DOSERROR MESSAGESNOTE: Error message numbers less than 20 ~hould be ignored with theexception of 01 which gives information about the nu

28: WRITE ERROR (long data block)The controller attempts to detect the sync mark of the next header afterwriting a data block. If the sync mark does n

52:FILE TOO LARGERecord position within a relative file indicates that disk overflow willresult.60: WRITE FILE OPENThis message is generated when a wr

72: DISK FULLEither the blocks on the diskette are used or the directory is at its limit of152 entries for the 2040, 3040, and 4040 or 243 entries for

7. RelativeFiles. .. . .. .. .. . ... . ... ., . 33Creating arelative fde .. .. .. . .. .. . 34Usingrelativefdes.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

APPENDIX C: Demonstration Disk Programs1. D/R4 OPEN2.. 8,155 PRINT":1":GOTO 11211211211211101OPENL8..e, "$101"2121 GETlll,A$,B$313

1613 PRINTiI5."Ul:";2;0;18;a17121 PRINTiI5."B-P";2;118121PRINT":'1";19121 ¥=22:X=I:GOSUB43a2130 FORI=0T020:PRINT:PR

3. DISPLAYT&Slee REM"'''''..'*' ' *-.lIe REt1'" DISPLA'T' A~JY TRACK $ SECTOR &ap

4613 REM******************************462 REM* READ & PRINTER DISPLAY *464 REM********************_**_******466 K~l:NB(l)=A$C(A$(e»468 FOR J=0 TO

4. CHECK DISK1 REM CHECK DISK -- VER 1.42 DN=8:REM FLOPP~ DEVICE NUMBER5 DIMT(laa):DIMS(laa):REM BAD TRACK, SECTOR ARRA~51 PRINT":'MWOO"

1"'81:1 NT=30\1390 !>!>.IN,'':N~~1%~~i~~':, ?ERFQR\~~HCE ,I::S,"1121:1 PRINT1131:1 PRINT" INSERT SCRATCH"

167121PRINT"J.1 UNIT HAS PASSED"168121PRINT" PERFORMANCE TEST!"16913 PRINT")) PULL DISKETTE FROM"171313PRINT")) DRI

APPENDIX D: DISK FORMATSNOTENot to scale1540/1541 Format: Expanded Viewof a Single Sector54

Block Distribution by Track1540/1541 BAM FORMAT552040,3040BlockorTrack numberSector RangeTotalI to 17 o to 202118 to 24 o to 19 2025 to 30o to 171831

* STRUCTURE OF SINGLE DIRECTORY ENTRYSEQUENTIAL FORMATPROGRAM FILE FORMAT56BYTE CONTENTSDEFINITION0128+typeFile type OR'ed with $80 to indicate p

1. GENERAL DESCRIPTIONIntroductionWelcome to .the fastest, easiest, and most efficient filing system availablefor your Commodore 64 or VIC 20 computer

1540/1541 DIRECTORY HEADERDIRECTORY FORMAT57Track 18, Sector O.BYTE CONTENTS DEFINITION144-161Disk name padded with shifted spaces.162-163Disk 10.164

RELATIVEFILEFORMAT58DATABLOCKBYTEDEFINITION0,1Track and sector of next data block.2-256254 bytes of data. Empty records contain FF (all binary ones) i

VIC-1541 User's Manual Errata Sheet.INTRODUCTIONCommodore is constantly trying to bripg you the most efficient and reliablecomputer in the world

-D. 1.P. 9, USINGWITHA VIC 20 OR COMMODORE64, last paragraph2.. . . explanation of the U (user)commandsin chapter 7.3.. . . explanation of the U (user

M. 1. P. 23, READINGTHEDIRECTORY,sampleprogram, line 102. 10 OPEN1, 8, 2, "s3. 10 OPEN1,8,2, "$N. 1. P.24,TABLE5.1,line4-1432. 4-143 Bitmap

R.1.P.41, APPENDIXA: DISKCOMMANDSUMMARY,line32.NAME"RO:new name. . .3. RENAME"RO:newname. ..S. 1.P.46, 72: DISKFULL,lines2-32.. . . 152entri

change the disk device number. by "cutting" a line inside the drive unit orthrough software.Remember, you don't really need to learn ev

Figure 1.1 Specifications VIC 1540/1541 SingleDrive Floppy DiskSTORAGEDirectory entriesSectors per trackBytes per sectorTracksBlocks174848 bytes per d

2. UNPACKING AND CONNECTINGContents of BoxIncluded with the 1541 disk drive unit, you should find a graypower cable, black serial bus cable, this manu